How do genes typically influence an organism?

Genes are segments of DNA that carry the instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms. They play a crucial role in determining physical traits, also known as phenotypes, by directing the synthesis of proteins that influence characteristics such as color, shape, size, and even behavior. For instance, a gene responsible for flower color will dictate whether a plant produces red, blue, or yellow blooms by controlling the biochemical pathways involved in pigment production.

While genes also have other roles, such as impacting an organism's ability to adapt to its environment or their potential to influence health conditions, the primary and most direct influence is on the organism’s physical traits. This fundamental genetic function is foundational to understanding biological diversity, as variations in physical traits contribute to the diversity observed within species and among different species.

So, while genes might have a role in pH regulation or might help in adapting to environmental conditions and could be involved in predisposing individuals to certain genetic disorders, their primary and most visible influence is seen in the physical traits that characterize an organism.