How do habitat destruction and fragmentation affect species?

Habitat destruction and fragmentation significantly impact species by isolating populations, which can lead to a decline in numbers. When habitats are destroyed or fragmented, the continuous land that species rely on for shelter, food, and mating is broken up into smaller patches. This fragmentation can prevent individuals from accessing the resources they need to survive and reproduce.

Isolated populations are often unable to interbreed with others, which can lead to a decrease in genetic diversity over time. Reduced genetic diversity makes populations more vulnerable to diseases and environmental changes, ultimately risking extinction. As habitats become more fragmented, species may also face increased competition for limited resources and greater exposure to predators. Thus, the effect of isolation and the resulting population decline is a significant concern in conservation biology.