How does habitat fragmentation impact biodiversity?

Habitat fragmentation significantly impacts biodiversity by isolating populations and increasing their risk of extinction. When large, continuous habitats are divided into smaller, isolated patches, the species that inhabit these areas face numerous challenges.

Isolated populations have limited access to other groups of their species, which can hinder their ability to reproduce and exchange genetic material. This lack of genetic diversity can make populations more vulnerable to disease, environmental changes, and other threats, ultimately leading to a higher risk of extinction. Furthermore, smaller habitat patches may not provide the necessary resources—such as food, shelter, and mates—that species need to thrive, exacerbating the threat of population declines.

In contrast, options that suggest habitat fragmentation encourages or maintains species and genetic diversity misrepresent the negative consequences of fragmentation on ecosystems. Similarly, the idea that it expands species habitats overlooks how fragmentation actually reduces the quality and quantity of available habitats. Overall, the correct understanding of fragmentation's effect on biodiversity highlights the importance of habitat connectivity for supporting resilient populations.