How does urbanization impact biodiversity?

Urbanization significantly impacts biodiversity primarily by reducing natural habitats and increasing pollution. As cities expand, natural landscapes such as forests, wetlands, and grasslands are often converted into urban areas, which leads to habitat destruction. This loss of habitat is detrimental to many species that depend on these ecosystems for food, shelter, and breeding.

Furthermore, urban areas tend to introduce a variety of pollutants into the environment, including air pollution from vehicles, water pollution from runoff, and noise pollution, all of which can harm wildlife. The change in land use creates fragmented habitats that make it difficult for species to thrive and expand their populations. Additionally, urbanization often favors certain species, such as pigeons or raccoons, which can adapt to city life, while native species struggle to survive in these altered landscapes.

The correct answer reflects the reality that urbanization poses significant challenges to biodiversity, as it compromises the quality and availability of habitats necessary for various species.