What defines a healthy ecosystem?

A healthy ecosystem is defined by a balance of species and diverse habitats. This biodiversity is crucial because it enhances resilience against disturbances such as disease, climate change, and human activities. A variety of species means that ecosystems can better withstand environmental pressures, as different organisms play unique and complementary roles — such as pollinators, decomposers, and predators — in maintaining ecological balance and functionality.

Diversity in habitats ensures that various species can thrive in their preferred conditions, allowing for a rich array of interactions and processes. This complexity contributes not only to ecosystem stability but also to the overall health of the environment, as it supports a wider range of ecological functions and services.

In contrast, high levels of resource depletion, monocultures, and dominance by a single species can lead to vulnerability, reduced resilience, and unsustainable conditions within ecosystems. These states often disrupt the natural balance and can lead to degradation and loss of biodiversity.