What is DNA responsible for?

DNA is essential for storing and transmitting genetic information across generations. It is the molecule that contains the instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. This means that DNA plays a critical role in controlling the structures and functions of cells, as it encodes the necessary information for producing proteins, which are crucial for a myriad of cellular processes.

Moreover, DNA ensures that this genetic information is passed on during cell division and reproduction, maintaining the continuity of life and diversity among organisms. The complexity and specificity of DNA's sequences determine how cells will behave and differentiate, guiding everything from the creation of enzymes and hormones to the development of organs and tissues.

In contrast, producing energy in cells involves biochemical processes such as cellular respiration, which are primarily facilitated by molecules like ATP rather than DNA itself. The structural integrity of cells is supported by components like cell membranes, cytoskeletons, and extracellular matrices, rather than DNA directly. Thus, the choice correctly identifies the fundamental role of DNA in shaping life through genetic information and cellular functions.