What is genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering is defined as the process of moving pieces of DNA from one cell or organism to another. This practice involves manipulating an organism's genetic material in a laboratory setting to achieve desired traits or characteristics. It is a precise method that uses techniques such as recombinant DNA technology to cut and splice genetic material.

This process allows scientists to introduce new traits that may not be present in the organism naturally. For example, genetic engineering has been used to create crops that are resistant to pests or that can thrive in harsh environmental conditions. The emphasis here is on the direct manipulation of genetic material, which distinguishes genetic engineering from other methods of enhancing traits, such as traditional breeding practices or natural hybridization.

Other options describe mechanisms related to biological diversity, but they do not accurately reflect the specificity and scientific methodology of genetic engineering. Breeding for specific traits and changing an organism's appearance involves selection processes rather than direct manipulation of genes. Similarly, creating hybrids through natural processes refers to evolution and interbreeding without the controlled techniques involved in genetic engineering.