What is the process called when one species evolves into two or more different species?

The process where one species evolves into two or more distinct species is known as speciation. This phenomenon occurs when a population becomes isolated from others and undergoes genetic changes over time, eventually leading to enough differences that members of the diverging populations can no longer interbreed, even if they come into contact again in the future.

Speciation can happen through various mechanisms, such as allopatric speciation, where geographical barriers separate populations, or sympatric speciation, which occurs without physical barriers, often through genetic differences or behavioral changes. Understanding this concept is crucial to grasp how biodiversity arises and the role of evolutionary processes in shaping the living world.