What name is given to the theory developed by Charles Darwin regarding species evolution?

The theory developed by Charles Darwin that pertains to species evolution is known as the theory of natural selection. This theory posits that individuals within a species exhibit variations in their traits, and those traits that enhance an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce in a given environment are likely to be passed on to subsequent generations. Over time, this process can lead to the adaptation of species to their environments and the emergence of new species.

Darwin's theory provides a scientific explanation for the diversity of life on Earth, illustrating how evolutionary changes can occur through the differential survival and reproduction of organisms. Variations that are beneficial for survival are favored, leading to a gradual change in the population's traits. This concept is central to understanding biological diversity and how species evolve over generations.