Which of the following best describes the concept of genetic diversity?

The concept of genetic diversity refers to the variety of hereditary traits within a species. This diversity is essential for a population's ability to adapt to changing environments and resist diseases. A higher level of genetic diversity within a species increases the likelihood that some individuals will possess traits that are advantageous in specific circumstances, enhancing the overall resilience of the species.

Genetic diversity includes variations in alleles, genes, and chromosomes that contribute to the differences observed among individuals in a population. It plays a critical role in evolution and the survival of species, as it provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately capture the essence of genetic diversity. The total number of species in a habitat pertains to species diversity rather than genetic diversity. Similarity in genes across multiple species relates more to the concept of phylogenetic relationships or evolutionary biology. Lastly, uniformity of genes within a population indicates low genetic diversity, which can lead to vulnerability and decreased adaptability, not a healthy representation of genetic diversity. Therefore, the variety of hereditary traits within a species is the most accurate definition of genetic diversity.