Why do ecosystems in the Canadian north typically have low biodiversity?

Ecosystems in the Canadian north generally experience extreme seasonal variations, which can pose significant challenges for many organisms. The harsh conditions associated with long winters and short growing seasons can hinder the survival and reproduction of species that are not well adapted to these fluctuations. While there may be some organisms that can thrive in these conditions, the inability of many species to cope with the rapid changes in temperature, food availability, and habitat can contribute to lower biodiversity. The specific adaptations required to survive in such an environment limit the number of species that can exist there, thus leading to lower biodiversity levels overall.

In contrast, factors such as pollution and limited food sources are more associated with anthropogenic impacts or localized environmental pressures rather than being fundamental characteristics of the ecosystems in the Canadian north. Similarly, the notion of limited weather conditions doesn't accurately reflect the dynamic nature of northern ecosystems, which actually experience a wide range of weather phenomena throughout the year.